RESOLUTION based on the results of the meeting of the Science Committee of the International Congress of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs on the topic: “Demography and Human Resources.”

RESOLUTION

based on the results of the meeting of the Science Committee of the International Congress of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs on the topic:
“Demography and Human Resources.”

Moscow

17 September 2025

The following reports by scientists and experts were presented for discussion:
“Extracorporeal Reproductive Technologies as a Response to Demographic Challenges” – AYVAR Lyudmila Konstantinovna, Chair of the All-Russian Movement “For the Rights of Women of Russia,” Doctor of Law, Professor, Deputy Chair of the Department of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS).
“Intellectual Repatriation of Highly Qualified Personnel and Scientists from Abroad as an Instrument of Scientific and Technological Development of States” – TRUNOV Igor Leonidovich, Chair of the Department of Legal Issues, Member of the Bureau of the Presidium of RANS, Doctor of Law, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Professor.
“Quality of Life as a Necessary Condition for a Demographic Breakthrough in Russia” – SOSUNOVA Irina Aleksandrovna, First Federal Vice President of the Russian Society of Sociologists, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor.
“Men’s Health and Active Social Longevity in the Demographic Perspective of Russia” – APOLIKHIN Oleg Ivanovich, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department BMT-3 (“Biomedical Security”), Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation.
“Demography of Human Capital and the Labor Market in Interaction with Artificial Intelligence” –OVCHINSKY Vladimir Semenovich, Advisor to the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Major General of Police.
As a result of thorough and detailed analysis, the Resolution of the meeting was prepared:
For the purpose of improving the demographic situation, scientists proposed a number of methods and measures aimed at increasing the birth rate and improving public health. For the purpose of resource support, methods were proposed to stimulate scientific, technical, and technological progress. Based on the results of detailed analysis, the Science Committee of the ICIE proposes:

Speaker: [Ayvar L.K.] Main theses of the report and proposals of the speaker.
Following the report “Extracorporeal Technologies as a Response to Demographic Challenges.”
Goal – Creation of a system of measures for the development and support of extracorporeal technologies (ART) in Russia as one of the strategic instruments of demographic policy and national security.
Tasks
Increasing the accessibility of ART for all categories of citizens in need of medical assistance for infertility.
Reducing demographic decline through the support of families and women planning motherhood.
Formation of a scientific and technological foundation in the field of exogenesis and artificial womb development.
Creation of mechanisms for preserving the gene pool, including a free biobank for military personnel and those in hazardous professions.
Legal and social support for ART programs, protection of the rights of biological parents, donors, and surrogate mothers.
Measures
State support for ART
Increase funding for ART programs under the compulsory health insurance system (at least three free IVF attempts).
Introduce a mechanism of targeted federal subsidies for the use of donor gametes and surrogacy support.
Infrastructure creation
Establish a federal digital platform for donation and surrogacy, ensuring transparency and control.
Organize a national network of biobanks (sperm, oocytes, embryos) for citizens of the Russian Federation.
Create a biobank of biological material for military personnel and workers in hazardous professions, with voluntary participation, as a form of “genetic insurance.”
Education and awareness
Include courses on reproductive literacy and fertility in school and university curricula.
Create a federal program “School for Future Parents” with emphasis on psychological and medical preparation.
Scientific research
Support Russian developments in the field of exogenesis and artificial womb technology, including funding for fundamental and applied projects.
Develop international cooperation (BRICS, SCO, Israel, China) in ART and biomedicine.
Legal regulation
Ensure legal protection for surrogate mothers, donors, and biological parents.
Streamline the procedure for concluding and executing contracts in the field of ART.
Eliminate discriminatory barriers for citizens of the Russian Federation in accessing technologies.
Expected effect
Increase in birth rate through expanded access to ART. Reduction of social tension and strengthening of the institution of the family. Preservation and strengthening of the national gene pool, including military and strategic personnel. Strengthening of Russia’s position as one of the leaders in the field of biomedicine and reproductive technologies. Creation of a positive social climate in which motherhood and fatherhood become a natural and socially supported choice.
Demographic policy cannot be reduced to payments and benefits.
It is a systemic task, where extracorporeal technologies become a key instrument.
Speaker: [Trunov I.L.] Main theses of the report and proposals of the speaker.
“Intellectual Repatriation of Highly Qualified Personnel and Scientists from Abroad as an Instrument of the Scientific and Technological Development of the State.”
Modern societies - are knowledge- and technology-based societies, which serve as indicators of the level of civilization. When the best minds leave a country, the continuity of technological development is disrupted, and gaps arise in the innovation system. Brain drain, along with the aging of the professional core, insufficient training of young personnel, and the worsening demographic situation, affects sovereignty, technological development, and the stability of the state.
The United States is a leader in the “race for minds”; in recent decades, it has attracted about 250,000 highly qualified specialists. Law enforcement and counterintelligence agencies play an active role in this process.
Russia develops the world at its own expense — this is brain drain of ideas and developments, followed by the purchase of high-tech products.
According to Rosstat, since 2015 the number of researchers with degrees has decreased annually: by 23% among Doctors of Science, and by 19% among Candidates of Science. In Europe, more than 25,000 scientists who emigrated from Russia work in their specialties. The President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, A.M. Sergeev, stated that 40,000 professors left Russia. According to the Border Service of the FSB, the number of Russians who left between July and September 2022 for Kazakhstan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Mongolia totaled 9.7 million, of which 14% were scientists.
Reasons for the outflow of researchers: mismatch between wage levels and applicants’ expectations, outdated scientific infrastructure, shortage of sources and volumes of research funding.
A separate problem is the demographic funnel. The shortage of personnel in science and technology will only intensify due to demographic decline. Already today, universities are enrolling generations that are numerically half the size of those who studied in the early 2000s. By 2028, the number of schoolchildren will decrease from 18 million in 2024 to 16 million.
Another growing problem is Artificial Intelligence — a “Trojan horse” offered for free, because it serves as a collector of new ideas and discoveries, drafts of scientific works, patent concepts. Information entered into AI applications does not disappear, but is sorted, analyzed, and stored. This poses a danger to national security, especially when scientists use foreign AI in research related to national security, defense industry, dual-use technologies, intellectual property, and breakthrough scientific research. Data protection legislation concerning AI use is at a delayed stage of development.
Different countries with varying levels of economic and scientific development have recognized the importance of intellectual re-emigration. This experience requires systematic analysis.
China. The most famous scientist repatriation program, launched in 2008, was the “Thousand Talents Plan.” About 200,000 scientists returned from the USA, Japan, and Australia. Law enforcement and counterintelligence agencies in the USA, Australia, and Canada opposed its implementation. The FBI of the USA declared the “Thousand Talents Plan” a threat to national security. In 2019, under pressure, the program was reduced and renamed “High-Level Foreign Expert Recruitment Program,” but a series of nationwide initiatives were launched: Qiming(“Enlightenment”), Huoju (“Torch”), Chang Jiang Scholars Award Program, etc. South Korea. The “Brain Return 500” program. Brazil. State strategy “Attracting and Retaining Talents” (2024–2029). Poland. “Polish Returns” by NAWA. Spain. “Ramón y Cajal.” Argentina. “Raíces.” Colombia. The “Red Caldas” network (since 1991). Mexico. “Red Global MX” (formerly “Red de Talento Mexicano”). India. “Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship,” and others.
In Russia, there is a State Program to assist the voluntary resettlement to the Russian Federation of compatriots living abroad. The program has a humanitarian and charitable character, supporting ethnic Russians and Russian-speakers, but does not aim to create incentives for the resettlement of highly qualified specialists and scientists. Those who return are the least in demand in scientific and economic terms — the poor or retirees.
In 2010, the Federal Program “Mega Grant” was launched, with the goal of creating world-class research laboratories under the leadership of leading Russian and foreign scientists. Both foreigners and Russians participate, but the program is not aimed at repatriates. Over 14 years, the program has attracted about 100 scientists annually, some of whom are repatriates, but the losses of departing researchers amount to tens of thousands annually.
It is necessary to engage in full-scale competitive struggle; a state policy in the field of migration of specialists and scientists is needed. A single body is required, for example, a “Committee on Science and Technology”, which would be responsible for forming scientific and technological policy, developing and implementing programs for the resettlement of scientists and researchers, establishing interaction between business and science, and evaluating scientific institutions based on the criteria of implementation into production, discoveries, inventions, and the results of exploratory research.
The National Program of Intellectual Repatriation should be structured as an interagency project with the participation of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the Foreign Intelligence Service, the Ministry of Digital Development, the Ministry of Economic Development, major universities, state corporations, and development institutes. The key objectives of the program: the return of specialists and scientists; restoration of scientific schools and research teams; elimination of personnel gaps in strategic sectors.
According to the Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, by 2030 it is planned to double science and R&D funding through the private sector. In Russia, science is funded by the state, not business, in a proportion of 70% to 30%; in Western countries, the ratio is 25% state to 75% business. A phased increase of private investment in scientific research is needed, attracting business capital into science, and developing public-private partnerships.
Russia is rich in talent but poor in mechanisms for retaining and applying it. Today, brain drain is not just statistics of departures — it is a security threat.
Speaker: [Sosunova I.A.] Main theses of the report and proposals of the speaker.
“Quality of Life as a Necessary Condition for a Demographic Breakthrough in Russia.”
In his Address to the Federal Assembly on 29.02.2024, the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin said: “We choose life. And for life to continue, Russia needs a demographic breakthrough.”
By demographic breakthrough we mean a sharp increase in the population of Russia, which could ensure our prosperity in conditions of uncertainty and new challenges.
We consider the main condition for a demographic breakthrough to be, first and foremost, the improvement of quality of life (quality of food, water, air, etc.) across various regions of Russia. This implies solving housing problems for more than 50% of the population in different regions, implementing radical transformations in healthcare (digitalization, telemedicine, the emergence of new qualifications, introduction of health-preserving technologies), as well as changes in occupational safety and migration policy.
What factors should influence the demographic behavior of the population?
In his Address of 29.02.2024, the President of the Russian Federation pointed out that currently 72% of men and more than 70.5% of women would like to have more than two children, but are unable to do so for various reasons.
These reasons include unsatisfactory housing conditions (in Moscow alone, 42,000 people are on the waiting list for housing improvement!), mortgage difficulties or the absence of well-paid jobs, and poor health (while surveys show that only every second respondent in Russia leads a healthy lifestyle).
It is also necessary to take into account the fact that, as a result of the war with the collective West, today the country has more than 50,000 wounded with disabilities. This will require not only changes in the work of medical institutions and rehabilitation centers but also changes in industry — for example, cars with manual controls will be needed. A new personnel policy and staffing changes are required, as well as education and retraining for those who have participated in the Special Military Operation and their families.
Thus, quality of life is an integral characteristic of the essence and success of the country, region, settlement, and individual, expressed in both objective and subjective evaluations.
The main trends of modern views on quality of life are that the range of quality-of-life indicators is continuously expanding (some systems now include more than 100 indicators). The most important factor is that the quality of the environment has now become a mandatory component. In modern conditions of uncertainty and new challenges, it is necessary to add another indicator: the level of personal and social security, especially in the border regions of the country.
Main integrated indicators of quality of life influencing demographic processes:

Well-being. At present, two-thirds of the population in Russia cannot afford long-term purchases without loans and mortgages, and 14% of the population do not even have money for medicine. Almost every tenth person considers themselves poor, of whom 30% are large families. Birth rate growth is observed only in Chechnya, Tuva, and Altai. In Moscow, according to Mayor S.S. Sobyanin, the number of large families has tripled in 10 years and now exceeds 215,000.
Social well-being. Primarily, this refers to access to social benefits and their fair distribution across regions of the country.
Health. According to sociological surveys, almost 90% of respondents are dissatisfied with the quality of medical services. However, Russians still shift the responsibility for their health onto medicine, forgetting that in terms of quality, Russia currently ranks 41st in the world.
Security. Issues of ensuring safety in the country and in the places where family and loved ones live.

Conclusions:

In current conditions and in the coming decade, a demographic breakthrough is hardly possible without fundamental changes in the living conditions of Russians.
Improvements in the quality of life of Russians can significantly affect their demographic behavior.
The importance of expert surveys must be recognized as a significant method of obtaining information under modern conditions.

Speaker: [Apolikhin O.I.] Main theses of the report and proposals of the speaker.
“Transition to Health Preservation in the Era of Digitalization.”
In order to promote the accelerated development of the Russian economy, the most expedient step appears to be the revival of the domestic healthcare model of N.A. Semashko (a worldwide advocate of prevention) on the basis of modern technologies, where the main value is the human being and their health.
Reviving the model of N.A. Semashko (the founder of the Soviet healthcare system) in the Russian Far East, using modern technologies, would become a powerful driver of economic growth. This model, based on prevention, universal accessibility, and centralized management, combined with digitalization and innovation, is capable not only of improving public health but also of stimulating regional development.
Key advantages of adapting the N.A. Semashko model: Reduction of disease incidence and increase in working capacity of the population. Focus on early diagnosis (telemedicine, AI-driven data analysis). Use of Big Data and AI for epidemic forecasting and resource optimization. Development of telemedicine for remote settlements. Attraction of investments in biotech, pharmaceuticals, and medical technology. Increased attractiveness of regions for the migration of qualified personnel. Infrastructure development through joint projects, for example, construction of modern medical centers using digital systems and services.
Adapting the N.A. Semashko model, with an emphasis on preventive medicine combined with digital technologies, will not only improve public health but will also create new growth points for the Russian economy. This could become one of the key elements of the development strategy in the context of demographic and logistical challenges.

Speaker: [Ovchinsky V.S.] Main theses of the report and proposals of the speaker.
“Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Labor Market.”
AI services are transforming the situation in many industries and businesses — they increase employee efficiency and automate routine tasks. On the other hand, they raise questions about employment. Many professions are losing relevance and are being replaced by AI: marketers, accountants, lawyers. At the same time, AI will be used more actively by highly qualified, specialized, and unique professionals.
AI has done what the labor market had not seen before. In a short time, it has cut hundreds of thousands of entry-level vacancies and left only a narrow corridor for beginners. Now young professionals can quickly achieve high incomes, while others find it harder to take their first step into a profession.
Today, career prospects depend on the ability to work with neural networks.
Currently, several key areas are particularly valuable:
The first area — generative models. Specialists who are able to adapt GPT-like models to corporate data, create workflows around them, and implement such solutions into products are especially in demand today.
The second area — classical machine learning. This includes forecasting, working with large datasets, and tuning models for specific business metrics.
The third area — natural language processing (NLP). This involves developing chatbots, search systems, automatic translators, and sentiment analysis tools.
The fourth area — computer vision. This is the field of AI that enables machines to recognize images: from medical scans to real-time video stream analysis.
The fifth area — the ability to properly formulate prompts for models, i.e. the skill of turning a request into a commercially valuable result.
The sixth area — solution architecture. Specialists are valuable here who can not only work with models but also integrate them into large-scale corporate systems, taking into account security requirements and infrastructure costs.
Specialists who can fine-tune models on corporate data, implement AI into real processes, and account for security and infrastructure are coming to the forefront. A whole “fine-tuning economy” is emerging on the market.
Job vacancies increasingly require not only experience but also “constant development” — the ability to work with the latest AI tools and quickly adapt to new technologies.